Std 6 th Science- 4. Disaster Management

Question 1:

What are the emergency contact numbers of the following?

(a) Police Control Room

(b) Fire brigade

(d) National level single emergency number for disaster relief.

Answer 1:

(a) 100 should be dialled for Police control room.

(b) 101 should be dialled for Fire brigade.

(d) 108 should be dialled for National level single emergency number for disaster relief.

Question 2:

What first aid will you provide in the following situations?

(a) Dog bite

(b) Scratches/ bleeding

(d) Snakebite

(e) Sunstroke

Answer 2:

(a) Following first aid should be provided for dog bite:

A dog bite wound must be very thoroughly cleaned, first with soapy water and then with an antiseptic.
If this is not done, the bite might lead to rabies.
Cover the wound with a bandage.
See a doctor immediately.

(b) Following first aid should be provided for scratches/bleeding:

Clean the wound with cotton soaked in antiseptic lotion.
Apply bandage (in case of a smaller wound) or antiseptic lotion and wrap with a bandage (in case of a bigger wound).
In case of heavy bleeding, tie a handkerchief above the wound to stop bleeding.

Minor Burns:

Pour plenty of cold water immediately over it.
Apply an anti-burn ointment.
Immediate home remedies:
- Apply baking soda mixed with water
- Apply the paste of turmeric and milk
- Apply the paste of raw potato

Severe Burns:

In case clothes of a person catch fire, cover the person with a blanket and make the person roll over the ground in order to put out the fire.
Make the person lie down in an open space.
Remove the burnt clothes that are not sticking to the body.
Give him plenty of water to drink.
Apply anti-burn ointment on the burn.

(d) Following first aid should be provided for snakebite:

Keep the person calm and restrict any movement.
Do not make him eat or drink anything.
Tightly tie a handkerchief above the bite to prevent the poison from spreading and reaching the heart or the nervous system.
Seek medical attention immediately.

(e) Following first aid should be provided for sunstroke:

Make the person sit in the shade or a cool place.
Cover the body with cool damp sheets.
Make the person drink plenty of water or liquids.
Apply cooling measures like ice towels.

Question 3:

Write the causes of the following :

(a) Floods

(b) Forest fires

(d) Storms

(e) Earthquakes

Answer 3:

(a) Following can be the cause of floods in a region:

It may occur due to heavy rainfall that leads to overflow of water from the water bodies.
Sudden melting of huge amount of ice at mountain tops can lead to flood in the regions nearby to mountains.
Cloudburst can lead to flood.

(b) Following can be the cause of forest fires:

Natural calamities like lightning strikes falling on the trees of a forest.
Man made activities like smoking, setting thermal factories or campfires near the forest area, etc.

Earthquake can cause landslide and building collapse.
Volcanic eruption can cause landslide.
Usage of poor quality material for construction of building can lead to its collapse.
Mining and weathering can cause landslides.

(d) Storms can occur either naturally or due to ecological imbalance occuring due to various human activities.

(e) Earthquakes can occur due to following reasons:

Volcanic eruption
Meteors falling on the Earth’s surface
Underground explosions. For example, underground nuclear tests.
Collapsing structures such as mines etc.
Mining and construction of big dams.

Question 4:

Answer the following questions.

(a) What is meant by ‘disasters’?

(b) What are the types of disasters?

(d) Which are the main components of disaster management?

Answer 4:

(a) A sudden happening that causes enormous damage to life, property and social aspects of a nation or society is called a disaster.

(b) Disasters are of two types:

Man-made disasters: These disasters are the result of technological or human hazards. Examples of man-made disasters are road accidents, forest fires, collapsing of building due to usage of poor quality materials, etc.
Natural disasters: There are due to imbalance occurring in nature various environmental factors. Examples of natural disasters are earthquakes, volcanic eruption, etc.

(c) Disaster management is the strategy and course of action to be executed at the time of any disaster to save as much life as possible.

(d) Main components of disaster management are:

Preparation: A plan is created to minimise the damage if a disaster occurs.
Redemption: It is the plan to minimise the damage to the society and country.
Preparedness: A plan is chalked out to get quick response from public and administration.
Impact of disaster: Intensity of disaster and disaster management are reviewed.
Response: This stage deals with providing immediate response after an incident has occurred.
Resurgence: It is an important link between emergency measures and national progress. It includes the steps which are required for the welfare and rehabilitation of the nation.
Restoration: It is an important link between measures after disaster and national development. It includes steps useful for progress of

nation and rehabilitation.

Question 5:

Find out about the work of a ‘Sarpa-mitra’.

Answer 5:

Sarpamitra (friend of snake) protects and safeguards snakes. They also demonstrate to people the various aspects of snakes and snake bites, what precautions and first-aid should be given in case of snake bite and the general idea of how to classify the snakes into poisonous and non-poisonous.

Question 6:

Find out what a first aid kit/box contains.

Answer 6:

First aid box should contain the following things:

First-aid manual
Sterile gauze pads of different sizes
Adhesive tape
Adhesive bandages in several sizes
Elastic bandage
A splint
Antiseptic wipes
Soap
Antibiotic ointment
Antiseptic solution (like hydrogen peroxide)
Hydrocortisone cream (1%)
Extra prescription medications
Tweezers
Sharp scissors
Safety pins
Disposable instant cold packs
Calamine lotion
Alcohol wipes or ethyl alcohol
Thermometer
Tooth preservation kit
Plastic non-latex gloves (at least 2 pairs)
Flashlight and extra batteries
A blanket
Mouthpiece for administering CPR (can be obtained from your local Red Cross)
List of emergency phone numbers

Question 7:

Suggest remedial measures for dealing with natural or man-made disasters.

Disaster	Remedy	Disaster	Remedy
Fire		Earthquake
Building collapse		Deluge
Road accident		Storm
Flood		Tsunami
War		Drought
Bomb explosion		Landslide

Answer 7:

Disaster	Remedy	Disaster	Remedy
Fire	Call fire brigade, use fire extinguisher	Earthquake	Give help to clear debris, call ambulance to send victims to hospitals
Building collapse	Give help to clear debris, call ambulance to send victims to hospitals	Deluge	Donate food and clothing for flood victims, stay at some height if possible
Road accident	Call ambulance, give immediate first-aid and emotional support	Storm	Provide shelter and help in clearing the debris
Flood	Donate food and clothing for flood victims, stay at some height if possible	Tsunami	Move to a safer place, donate food and clothing for victims
War	Give shelter to innocent victims, provide food and clothing and first-aid to the victims	Drought	Donate food and water for victims, provide shelter and monetary help
Bomb explosion	Call ambulance, take the victims to a safer place and provide basic first-aid	Landslide	Help in rehabilitation services